Diaphragm and cervical cap
Besides male and female condom there are two other means of contracepton: diaphragm and cervical cap.
Though the words diaphragm and cap are often used as synonyms, in fact these are different things.
Diaphragms are more popular than caps. A diaphragm is a latex device that covers the cervix and a part of the vaginal wall, and is held in place by a flexible rim.
A cervical cap is a smaller rubber device that fits snugly around the cervix. Diaphragms and caps are a double barrier for sperm and agents. First of all, they are mechanical barriers as they block the cervix. Secondly, they are chemical barriers due to spermicides they contain.
How to use it?
A cap or a diaphragm must be lubricated with a spermecide ointment. They can be inserted into the vagina any time before the intercourse. A diaphragm or a cap must be left in place for at least six hours after intercourse. However, they must be removed within 24 hours. A cap and a diaphragm must be washed with soap and dried after being removed. Each time when washing the device you should check whether it has any holes or other deteriorations. If you notice something like that, you should replace the conteraceptive with a new one.
Effectiveness
If one of these means of contraception is used by a woman correctly the effectiveness is up to 96%, but actually the per cent of failures is rather high about 12,5 per cent. So the effectiveness depends on whether a woman uses the device correctly every time she has sex.
Advantages:
If used correctly, they provide protection from sexually transmitted diseases. However they cannot protect effectively from AIDS.
They do not cause any hormonal disorders like it can happen when using oral contraceptives or intrauterine devices.
There are no age limitations
A woman can get pregnant as soon as she stops using this method
Diaphragms and caps can be used by nursing mothers.
Disadvantages:
Diaphragms and caps are effective only if they are inserted correctly, so you have to learn how to do it.
Caps differ in shape and size, so you have to consult a doctor before using them.
Their insertion requires some of time to get ready for love-making.